Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is commonly defined as “a group of surgical procedures that alter the face to increase its femininity”.

There are significant differences between the facial bones of males and females. The angle of the mandible, chin, forehead and cheek bones are more prominent in men. The eyebrows are thicker, straighter, and positioned at the supraorbital rim in men. Women’s brows are usually thinner, more arched, and positioned above the level of the supraorbital rim. Facial skin is usually thicker and more textured in men. Numerous differences are noticeable regarding the ideal noses of men and women. Men usually have larger, broader noses with a dorsum that is straighter. Women tend toward smaller noses with a slightly concave dorsum. Overall nasal contour is strongly associated with sex identity.

Procedures commonly performed include forehead contouring, scalp advancement, browlift, chin and lower jaw reshaping, rhinoplasty, tracheal shave, lip lift, cheek augmentation and facelift among many others.

In order to maximize results, patients should have a comprehensive evaluation with their surgical team where a customized plan is designed to help each individual achieve their goals.